Weight Loss

Weight loss medications, also known as anti-obesity or weight management drugs, are prescribed to help people lose weight by reducing appetite, increasing metabolism, or blocking fat absorption. They are typically recommended for individuals with:

• Obesity (BMI ≥ 30)

• Overweight (BMI ≥ 27) with weight-related conditions like diabetes or hypertension

These medications are not a standalone solution—they work best alongside diet, exercise, and lifestyle changes.

Weight gain can result from various factors, including:

• Poor diet: High-calorie, processed, or sugary foods contribute to weight gain.

• Sedentary lifestyle: Lack of physical activity leads to slower metabolism and fat accumulation.

• Genetics: Family history of obesity can increase the risk.

• Hormonal imbalances: Conditions like hypothyroidism or polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) can cause weight gain.

• Stress and sleep issues: Lack of sleep and chronic stress can affect hormones, triggering weight gain.

• Medications: Some drugs (e.g., steroids, antidepressants) may lead to weight gain.

Excessive weight gain may lead to:

• Breathlessness or fatigue with minimal exertion

• Joint pain or stiffness

• Swelling in the legs or ankles

• Increased sweating

• Difficulty sleeping or snoring

• Frequent cravings and emotional eating

• Low energy levels or sluggishness

Weight loss medications work in different ways, such as:

• Appetite suppressants: Reduce hunger signals

• Fat blockers: Prevent fat absorption from food

• Metabolism boosters: Increase calorie burning

• GLP-1 receptor agonists: Regulate appetite and blood sugar levels

​

1. Orlistat (Xenical, Alli)

• Purpose: Reduces fat absorption from food

• Dosage:

  • Prescription strength (Xenical): 120 mg, three times daily with meals

  • OTC version (Alli): 60 mg, three times daily

• How it works:

  • Blocks enzymes that break down fats, preventing their absorption

  • Reduces calorie intake from dietary fats

• Side effects:

  • Oily or loose stools

  • Abdominal cramps or bloating

  • Nutritional deficiencies (requires vitamin supplements)

​

2. Phentermine-Topiramate (Qsymia)

• Purpose: Appetite suppressant and metabolism booster

• Dosage:

  • Low dose initially, gradually increased

• How it works:

  • Phentermine reduces hunger

  • Topiramate (used for migraines and seizures) enhances the effect

• Side effects:

  • Dry mouth or constipation

  • Tingling in hands and feet

  • Mood changes or insomnia

​

3. Liraglutide (Saxenda)

• Purpose: GLP-1 receptor agonist for weight management

• Dosage:

  • Daily subcutaneous injection

  • Gradual dose escalation over weeks

• How it works:

  • Slows stomach emptying, reducing appetite

  • Regulates blood sugar and calorie intake

• Side effects:

  • Nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea

  • Fatigue or dizziness

  • Pancreatitis (rare but serious)

​

4. Semaglutide (Wegovy, Ozempic)

• Purpose: GLP-1 receptor agonist approved for weight loss

• Dosage:

  • Weekly subcutaneous injection

• How it works:

  • Reduces appetite and calorie intake

  • Slows gastric emptying

• Side effects:

  • Nausea or stomach pain

  • Constipation or diarrhea

  • Rare thyroid tumors (in animal studies)

​

5. Naltrexone-Bupropion (Contrave)

• Purpose: Appetite suppressant and craving reducer

• Dosage:

  • Oral tablet, taken twice daily

• How it works:

  • Naltrexone reduces food cravings

  • Bupropion boosts energy and reduces hunger

• Side effects:

  • Nausea, vomiting, or constipation

  • Dizziness or headache

  • May increase blood pressure or heart rate

While effective, weight loss medications may cause side effects, including:

• Digestive issues: Nausea, diarrhea, or bloating

• Dry mouth or taste changes

• Insomnia or restlessness (especially with stimulants)

• Mood changes or anxiety

• Increased heart rate or blood pressure

• Nutrient deficiencies: Especially with fat-blocking medications

To determine if weight loss medications are appropriate, healthcare providers may:

• Evaluate BMI and weight-related conditions: BMI ≥ 30 or ≥ 27 with comorbidities

• Review medical history: Identify underlying conditions contributing to weight gain

• Conduct blood tests: Check blood sugar, cholesterol, and thyroid levels

• Assess lifestyle factors: Diet, physical activity, and sleep patterns

• Healthy diet: Prioritize whole grains, lean proteins, fruits, and vegetables

• Regular physical activity: Aim for 150-300 minutes of exercise weekly

• Stay hydrated: Drink water before meals to prevent overeating

• Manage stress: Practice yoga, meditation, or mindfulness

• Get enough sleep: Lack of sleep disrupts metabolism and promotes weight gain

• Limit processed foods: Avoid sugary snacks and high-fat processed items

1. Do weight loss medications guarantee results?

• No, they are most effective when combined with diet and exercise.

2. How long does it take to see results?

• Most people see results within 2-3 months, but it varies.

3. Are weight loss medications safe for long-term use?

• Some are approved for long-term use (e.g., Orlistat, Semaglutide), while others are for short-term use only.

4. Can I stop taking the medication once I lose weight?

• Stopping may lead to weight regain. Gradual lifestyle changes are essential for maintaining weight loss.

5. Are weight loss medications safe during pregnancy?

• No, they are not safe during pregnancy. Weight loss is not recommended during pregnancy.